Saturday, 21 July 2012

venice

VENICE 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              









ABOUT VENICE


The city of Venice, Italy, is simply stunning and completely unique. Founded more than 1,500 years ago on 117 different islands, Venice is linked by a series of over 150 canals, 400 bridges and many ancient pavements. The historic city centre of Venice is divided into six quarters (sestieri) - Cannaregio, Castello, Dorsoduro, San Marco, San Polo and Santa Croce. All buildings in Venice are supported on slender oak and pine piles (posts) which are driven deep into the ground to create a solid foundation. As the soil is waterlogged, with no free oxygen, the piles remain strong and do not decay.

Venice is without doubt one of the most beautiful and popular cities in the world, and is always admired by the many tourists that visit throughout the year. There are several tourist information branches operated by the Azienda di Promozione Turistica, located on the Piazza San Marco, the Piazzale Roma, the Gran Viale Santa Maria Elisabetta, the Lungomare Adriatico, the Venice Pavilion and the Stazione di Santa Lucia. A further tourism outlet is conveniently situated in the arrivals hall at the Marco Polo Airport. If you have time for day trips, there are also many interesting towns to explore, such as Burano, Murano, Padua, Torcello, Verona and Vicenza




Venice Information and TourismThere is no question that Venice is an expensive city, particularly when it comes to accommodation, even during the low season (November, early December and also January). In recent years, many new hotels have opened and improved availability, although hotel rooms and Venice apartments with views of the Grand Canal are always in demand, and never more so than on Valentine's Day, when romance arrives in the city. Many of the best hotels stand around the San Marco area, with an increasing number of cheap options residing near to the train station. Accommodation is also in good supply around the districts of Cannaregio, Castello, Dorsoduro, Santa Croce and San Polo, and on the island of Giudecca, within the Venetian Lagoon.
There are numerous famous Venice attractions and sights to see. Highlights include the Basilica San Marco (St. Mark's Basilica) - a vast church which is one of the most famous sights associated with this city; the Piazza San Marco (San Marco Square) - situated in the heart of Venice and affectionately referred to by Napoleon as the 'finest drawing room in Europe'; the Palazzo Ducale (Doge's Palace) - a simply breathtaking waterfront palace and a superb example of Gothic architecture; and the Accademia Gallery - with wonderful masterpieces from the 14th century to the 18th century by world-famous artists, such as Bellini, Giorgione, Rosalba Carriera, Longhi, Picasso, Tintoretto, Titian, Tiziano, Veronese and many others.

venice carnival

VENICE CARNIVAL
The Venice Carnival is the most internationally known festival celebrated in Venice, Italy, as well as being one of the oldest. This congregation of masked people, called Venice Carnival, began in the 15th century, but the tradition can be traced back to the beginning of the 14th Century .During those years one of the first laws made by the Serenissima was that masks cannot be used around the city at night.
Later, Venice Carnival attracted foreigners - including princes - from all over Europe, who came to enjoy the wild festivities while spending fortunes.
During the Carnival period Venice offeres numerous possibilities for spending money. The choices are various, with activities such as gambling dens, brothels, theatres, cafés, wine shops (licensed and illicit) and restaurants, as well as booths where one could see exotic animals, ropewalkers and jugglers.













With a large number of art galleries in Venice, art lovers can enjoy displays of spectacular paintings and sculptures by well-known artists. Museums are also plentiful in Venice, housing many important Italian masterpieces, painted by acclaimed Ventian artists such as Giorgione, Rosalba Carriera, Pietro Longhi, Tintoretto, Titian and Paolo Veronese. More information about Venice Tourist Attractions.
For lovers of fine cuisine, Venice offers a wide selection of excellent restaurants serving delicious Italian food, as well as a choice of international cuisine. Pasta and pizza has never tasted more authentic than when eaten on the Piazza San Marco, in the shadows of the Basilica San Marco and the Palazzo Ducale.


rialto bridge, italian gondola

The Grand Canal in Venice, Italy, is a long stretch of water running right through the city and is often referred to as 'the most beautiful street in the whole of Venice'. The first bridge ever built over the canal was the Rialto Bridge, which has since become one of the main symbols associated with this iconic Italian city. Travelling along this canal and the many others is a great way to see the city, and there are numerous different modes of travel available. Public transport consists mainly of water-buses (vaporetti) and there are also water-taxis (motoscafi), which are faster, more modern motorboats. Of course, who could think of Venice without picturing the well-known and much loved Italian gondolas. What could be more romantic than a nighttime, moonlit trip along a Venetian canal? The atmosphere and reflections are quite unforgettable




Top 10 Things to Do in Venice (According to Jessica)

  1. Get Lost in Venice
    There is nothing, I repeat nothing, that is as important when you’re visiting Venice than just wandering aimlessly through its streets and alleys. If you only had 3-4 hours in the city, I’d recommend that you do this before you set foot inside a single museum or attraction – it’s that critical to enjoying your visit. By wandering (especially if you point yourself in the exact opposite of the direction where the herd is going) you can find Venice’s many charming and often-empty squares and streets, which goes a long way toward helping you appreciate the city. I’d almost say you could ignore basically everything else on this list and just stroll around without a map… But although I might not go that far (again, unless you’ve only got 4 hours or less), I do consider the sentence “get lost in Venice” an order, not a suggestion.
  2. Visit St. Mark’s Basilica
    I love visiting churches in Italy, but this is – by far – my favorite church in the country. It’s beautiful outside, with its big onion domes and multi-colored marble pillars, and the interior is floor-to-ceiling mosaics. There’s no fee to tour the main part of the basilica, and even booking an entry time online (so you don’t have to wait in the sometimes-long line out front) is free, so after you’ve wandered the city this should be your next stop. There are three smaller museums within the basilica which you’ll have to pay an entry to see; your budget and overall interest should dictate whether you visit all of them, but if you’re just going to pick one then by all means take the narrow and steep staircase in the entry alcove up to the museum that has the original horses which used to overlook the square – in addition to seeing the horses, you’ll also get to go out on the roof and overlook the square yourself.
  3. See St. Mark’s Square When it’s Empty
    I know in #1 I said that you should point yourself in the opposite direction to where all the tourists are going, and since 99.9% of them are headed for St. Mark’s Square you may find it a little surprising to find this piazza so high on my to-do list in Venice. But the key here is to visit the square when everyone else isn’t there. Of course, in order to do this you’ll probably need to spend at least one night in Venice, but I can think of worse things to “need” to do. The best times to catch St. Mark’s Square at her most vulnerable are early morning and late evening, before the day-trippers arrive or after they’ve left. Venice isn’t a nightlife town, so it doesn’t take long after the restaurants close for the square to be emptied of much of the crowd. Personally, I like it best at night, but I’ll leave the choice to you.
  4. Take the #1 Vaporetto for a Grand Canal Tour
    I think the easiest and most pleasant way to get around Venice is on foot, but the Grand Canal only has a few bridge crossings and taking a ride on Venice’s water-buses is a fun transport method. Even beyond the practical reasons for taking a vaporetto, however, there’s the fact that the slow #1 vaporetto that runs the length of the Grand Canal is the ideal equivalent to a city bus tour. I’d recommend either bringing along a self-guided tour (Rick Steves has a good one in his guidebook) so you can pick out the sights along the way, or just sitting back and enjoying the view no matter what the significance of the buildings is. You’ll enjoy the ride either way, even more so if you’ve got a good seat and some gelato.
  5. Watch a Glass-Blowing Demonstration on Murano Island
    This is kind of a tricky one, because so many of the glass-blowing demonstrations on nearby Murano Island are very tourist-trappy, but I have it on this list for a couple of reasons. First, most people I know have never seen anyone do glass blowing or glass sculpture, so it’s entertaining and educational even if it is touristy. Second, visiting another island in the Venice lagoon is a great idea during your stay, and since Murano is closest it’s the easiest one to visit (especially if you’re short on time). If you want to avoid the overly touristy glass demonstrations, catch a vaporetto to Murano (instead of a boat booked by your hotel or a particular glass shop) and walk around the streets until you find a studio that looks relatively open. There are more glass-blowing studios on Murano than just the touristy ones.
  6. Tour the Doge’s Palace
    Right next (and partly connected) to St. Mark’s Basilica, the Doge’s Palace is arguably the second most important “attraction” in Venice after the basilica (if you don’t count the city itself as an “attraction”). While there are several good reasons to pay the hefty admission fee to tour the Doge’s Palace (Palazzo Ducale in Italian), probably the most popular stop on the tour is when you get to walk over the famous Bridge of Sighs. You can see the bridge from the outside without buying an entry ticket, but the only wa to walk on the bridge yourself is as part of a Doge’s Palace tour.
  7. Take the Elevator to the Top of the Campanile
    While you can get a great view of St. Mark’s Square from the roof of St. Mark’s Basilica, you can’t get a great view of the church’s roof when standing on it. For a view that includes both the basilica and the piazza, buy a ticket for the short elevator ride to the top of the Campanile, or bell-tower, that’s in front of the church. The views are great, and you get an up-close-and-personal look at the big bells that you’ll hear ringing out the time all over the city. If you want to avoid getting your ears blown off, I’d advise making the trip to the top of the tower at something other than the hour mark.
  8. Wander the Streets of Burano Island
    With a little extra time in Venice, after your visit to Murano take a vaporetto further into the lagoon for a trip to Burano Island. In general, the further you get into the lagoon from the core Venetian islands, the less crowded they get – Burano is usually less crowded than Murano, for instance. And with its almost cartoon-like brightly colored buildings, it makes the perfect backdrop for a stroll. Seriously, the colors are so brilliant and cheerful, I defy you to walk around Burano for even a half-hour and not have a smile on your face. Go ahead, try it.
  9. Take a Hike on Torcello Island
    Got even more time? Even more sick of the crowds in Venice? Then get back on the boat and take the trip to my favorite of the lagoon’s islands – Torcello. It’s a short trip from Burano, but can take up to an hour if you go straight to Torcello from Venice. Either way, it’s the ideal spot if you’re in the mood for less structure and more nature. Most of Torcello is a nature reserve, and while you can’t actually go hiking out in the fields, you can certainly get away from the tourist hordes and enjoy the tranquil view. There are roughly 20 people who still live on the island, and there’s only one (super expensive) hotel, although there are a few places to eat. The main “sight,” which I happen to just adore, is a 7th century church on the island with more exceptional mosaics (a must if you liked St. Mark’s).
  10. “Window” Shop at the Rialto Market
    If you’re not a foodie, this may not be something you’d put in your top 10 Venice experiences… But I love food, and I love food markets. In Venice particularly, I think a food market is as culturally interesting as it is food-related. After all, this network of islands isn’t exactly teeming with vegetable gardens or grocery stores (not sure if you noticed, but there’s a lot more water than earth going on here). So visiting the famous Rialto market is a great way to see how real Venetians get their food supplies. All the locals shop here, from restaurateurs to ordinary folk just stocking their kitchens. The Rialto market is particularly known as a fish market, but there’s plenty of fresh veggies and fruit for sale as well. If you’re doing more than just browsing, remember that you don’t handle the merchandise until after you’ve paid for it – point at what you want and the vendor will choose and bag it for you. (As a bonus, it’s within sight of the Rialto Bridge, which is certainly worth a little bit of space on your camera’s memory card.)

Wednesday, 18 July 2012

sydney

SYDNEY








Sydney is a vibrant, dynamic and accessible city waiting to be explored. Find out more about the city's diverse localities, rich history, world famous tourist attractions and exciting events calendar.

The City of Sydney's Barani website contains the history, life stories and images of many Indigenous men and women who have made great contributions to their people and their country. The story of Aboriginal Sydney could not be told without recognising their achievements.

Top 5 things to do In Sydney includes:

  • Catch the Manly Ferry
  • Sydney Harbour Cruise
  • Sydney Ferry To Darling Harbour
  • Manly
  • North Head
  • Sydney Harbour Bridge Climb
  • Sydney Open Air Cinema
  • Palm Beach 
  • Northern Beaches
  • Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens
  • Mrs Macquaries Chair

Catch the Manly Ferry

Catch the Manly Ferry from Circular Quay for great views of the Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge. Manly will make you wonder if you are still in Sydney. You can walk through the Manly 'Corso' to the ocean beach, turn right and keep going to Shelly Beach and beyond. Explore historic North Head with breathtaking Sydney Harbour views.


Sydney Harbour Cruise

If you like commentary take a Sydney Harbour Cruise. If you don't fancy being on a ferry for too long catch a ferry to Darling Harbour from Circular Quay. The trip only lasts a few minutes and will take you under the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
You'll find information and links to Sydney's top attractions and tours as well as local tips and advice.







PLACES TO VISIT




Inner Sydney
The inner Sydney suburbs that form a ring around the city centre are lively precincts, packed with attractions and plenty of things to see and do. To the east are Paddington, Surry Hills and Darlinghurst, each with its own unique style. Take your time exploring the fashionable boutiques, bookshops, cafes, bars and restaurants. At night, Oxford Street buzzes with nightclubs, pubs and late-night bars.
Zanzibar, Newtown
Glebe, Newtown, Balmain and Leichhardt make up Sydney's inner west. Second-hand shops, restaurants, bars, cafes, bookshops and design shops line the main streets of each neighbourhood- Glebe Point Road, King Street, Darling Street and Norton Street respectively. Weekend markets are popular offering everything from organic produce to vintage fashion and artworks. Getting around inner Sydney is easy with regular bus, train and light rail services.

Sydney city


Sydney is one of the busiest commercial hubs in the Asia-Pacific region with a cosmopolitan population, many historic sites, museums and parks. Sydney’s city centre offers visitors a huge variety of attractions, including designer boutiques, fine restaurants, hip bars and lavish department stores.
The city fans out from the focal point of Circular Quay. This transport hub is within walking distance of the city’s star attractions – Sydney Harbour Bridge and theSydney Opera House, hailed as a 20th-century architectural masterpiece.
Sydney has two World Heritage cultural sites - Sydney Opera House and Hyde Park Barracks, an Australian convict site.

Sydney east


Located between the city and the coast, the eastern suburbs are home to some of Sydney's best outdoor attractions - iconic Bondi Beach, Watsons Bay, South Head and Nielsen Park. In Centennial Parklands, just 15 minutes from the city centre, you can go horse riding, cycling or hiking through a 360-hectare green space.
double bay
Beaches here have always had a style of their own for great waves, great cafes and great shopping. The Bondi to Bronte Coastal Walk is a highlight, especially during the outdoor sculpture event, Sculpture by the Sea. Paddington, Bondi Junction and Double Bay offer some of the best Sydney shopping experiences with a mix of high street shops and boutiques and stylish malls.

Sydney north

Just across the harbour from the city lies a cluster of leafy northern suburbs known for their easy bushwalks, bustling markets and family entertainment. Some of the city's most stunning views of the Harbour Bridge and Sydney Opera House can be enjoyed from North Sydney's foreshore or from Kirribilli's cottage-lined streets.
Famous beaches - Manly and Palm Beach are at either ends of a beautiful stretch of coastline that has great surfing beaches, clifftop walks plus cafes and Sydney restaurants where you can dine outdoors. At Mosman, you.ll find Taronga Zoo in a dramatic harbourside location, perfect for a day out with the kids. Further north is the beautiful Hawkesbury River which you can explore by boat and even stay overnight in a cosy riverside boathouse


Sydney South

Cronulla Beaches for Sun, Surf and Scenery
cronulla
Dramatic cliff tops that you can explore on foot, great surfing beaches, lush countryside and historic landmarks make this a fascinating part of Sydney. Beachside suburbs include Cronulla, Maroubra and Malabar; Bundeena is just a short ferry ride away, on the edge of Royal National Park. At Mascot you’ll find Sydney International Airport as well as excellent shopping at factory outlets.  
The southern beaches were the scene of first contact between European and Aboriginal people when Captain Cook sailed into Botany Bay in 1770.  Cook’s original landing place is in Botany Bay National Park; nearby La Perouse is where French explorer, Comte de la Perouse, arrived in 1788. 

 Sydney West

As you head west from the city centre to the foothills of the Blue Mountains, you'll uncover plenty of things to see and do in Sydney's west. Highlights include historicParramatta, Australia's second oldest European settlement, and the space-age complex that was the location for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.
You can travel to Parramatta from Circular Quay by rivercat, following Sydney Harbour as it heads west to become the Parramatta River. Sydney Olympic Parkcan also be reached by rivercat as well as train. You can easily spend a day touring the famous site with its outstanding stadiums, sports facilities and parklands via cycleways and walking trails. Other attractions in Sydney's west can be found at Penrith and Windsor.






Saturday, 14 July 2012

tips on what to do in montreal


Best Things to Do in Montreal

Montreal's museums, historic sites, shopping districts and nightclubs provide plenty of entertainment. For a taste of historic Montreal, spend a day exploring the 18th-century buildings of Vieux-montreal, which now house small museums and souvenir shops. This city is also a great destination for families, with attractions like the Montreal biodome and La Ronde Amusement park. If you are visiting during the winter, escape the cold by heading down to the shopping malls and museums of the Underground City.


Tips on What To Do in Montreal

Experts say cosmopolitan Montreal's key things to do will mostly appeal to history buffs, shopaholics or night owls.





Historic Attractions


A day in Vieux-montreal 
should be on the top of any amateur historian's list of things to do. Sitting on the site of the original city, this neighborhood maintains its historic identity, featuring numerous buildings dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries. The highlight of this district is the Basilique Notre-Dame, designed in 1824 and a favorite of architecture aficionados. While here, take a stroll along theVieux-Port-de-Montréal (Old Montreal Port), where you can climb the steps up the historic Clock Tower for beautiful views of the St. Lawrence River.


Museums
While wandering around 
Vieux-montreal
 , take some time to check out the Musee d'archeologie et d'Histoire Pointe-à-Callière, which showcases artifacts from all eras of the city's history. According to experts, another must-see museum is the Stewart Museum at the Fort, which offers live demonstrations of battles fought between the French and the British on Ile Ste-Hélène. Downtown Montreal is home to two spectacular art museums recommended by recent visitors, the Musée des Beaux-Arts, home to classical works of art, or the Musée d'Art Contemporain, which exhibits works by today's artists.

Sports & Leisure
If you are looking to spend time outside, both experts and travelers recommend heading to Parc du Mont-Royal in the center of the city. Often compared to New York City's Central Park, Parc du Mont-Royal offers plenty of hiking and biking paths, as well as spectacular views of the city. Those who have visited the city also recommend the Montreal Botanical Gardens, which is beautifully decorated with Chinese lanterns. Those interested in boating can head to the Vieux-Port-de-Montréal (Old Montreal Port) in Vieux- Montréal, where boat rentals are available.




Attractions for Kids
Montreal is a great family destination because it is home to attractions that offer something for every age. Experts suggest the La Ronde Amusement Park, located on Ile Ste-Hélène. Another popular kid-friendly attraction is the traveler-recommended Montréal Biodôme, located near Parc Maisoneuve in the northern part of the city. Montréal Biodôme is home to four different ecosystems, allowing kids to experience different types of climates. No matter what time of year you plan to visit, you can take advantage of Montreal's indoor ice skating rink, Atrium Le 1000, located a few blocks from McGill University.


Shopping
Shopaholics will not leave this city disappointed. Montreal is a major commercial hub, offering everything from designer clothing to specialty goods, such as fur and leather. The city is home to numerous shopping districts, the most popular being the boulevard St-Laurent, which runs north to south from Downtown to Plateau Mont-Royal. However, the Mile End neighborhood has become increasingly populated by designer boutiques, and the Village's rue Ste-Catherine -- which is a pedestrian-only street during the summer -- offers its fair share of stores. If you wish to avoid the cold winter weather, the Underground City is home to more than 1,000 stores.

Nightlife

If there is one thing which makes Montreal famous, it's the nightlife scene. Montrealers are active night owls, with most bars and clubs remaining open until 3 a.m. Most of the city's nightlife hotspots are concentrated along rue St-Denis in Downtown Montreal; however, rue Crescent and the Village also offer their fair share of bars and clubs (the Village especially caters to a gay and lesbian clientele). Live music is also popular in this city, with many bars bringing in performers on any given night.






                                MONTREAL






Montreal-Canada

File:Flag of Montreal.svg
flag of montreal

MONTREAL          





Old Port of Montreal
V ieux-montreal

  

Montreal is a city in canada. It is the largest city in the province of quebec, the 2nd largest city in  Canada. Originally called ville-marie, or "City of Mary", the city takes its present name from mount royal, the triple-peaked hill located in the heart of the city, or Mont Réal as it was spelled in middle french (Mont Royal in present French). The city is located on the island of montreal which took its name from the same source as the city and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is ile bizard.


Montreal Travel Tips



There is only one word which really captures the essence of Montreal: multifaceted. This city represents the melding of the Old and New Worlds, with 18th-century structures blending into a 21st-century skyline. Old-fashioned houses are now home to funky fusion restaurants, and the familiar sound of English is juxtaposed against the rolled "r"s of French. Rainbow flags fly alongside cloth emblems from India, Portugal and France, and traditional French pastries are sold alongside the distinctly sweet sesame seed, Montreal-style bagel. Just when you thought you'd seen it all, a short elevator ride exposes you to another city located several stories below ground level.
This versatile city's top attractions include world-class museums and bustling marketplaces. Start your tour along the ancient cobblestone streets of Vieux-montreal. Here, you can explore historic cathedrals or grab a cappuccino at one of the traditional French cafés along boulevard Saint-Laurent. If history doesn't excite you, head to the bustling downtown area for an afternoon of shopping or to Parc Du mont-royal for a hike. Just make sure to save some energy for when the sun sets; Montreal -- especially rue St-Denis -- is known for a nightlife scene that continues until the small hours of the morning.

How To Save Money in Montreal

  • Travel during the shoulder seasonsEarly spring and late fall are quieter times for Montreal, meaning that hotels drop their rates.
  • Rely on your own two feetThis is a very walkable city, especially if you explore it by neighborhood. If you're growing weary, the public transportation is both convenient and cheap.
  • Go sightseeingMany of the most beloved attractions -- including vieux-montreal ,st. joseph's oratory and Parc Du Mont-Royal -- do not charge admission.

Park Du Mont-Royal

This 761-foot hill from which Montreal got its name is the largest of the city's parks. Towering over central Montreal (and accessible from the Green Line's Peel métro station or the Orange Line's Mont-Royal métro station), Parc du Mont-Royal is frequented by joggers, picnickers, dog walkers and bicyclists throughout the year. During the warmer months, you'll find swimmers in the park's Lac des Castors (Beaver Lake), while the Chalet du Mont-Royal offers breathtaking park and city views any time of year. Also be sure to stop by the Croix du Mont-Royal (Mont-Royal Cross), or the park's two cemeteries (one English and one French).


St. joseph's oratory

Sitting adjacent to Mont-Royal, this immense basilica is the highest point in Montreal. Dedicated to St. Joseph, Jesus' earthly father and Canada's patron saint, St. Joseph's Oratory was designed in an Italian Renaissance style with a copper dome rising 318-feet high). The inside of the basilica is decorated with intricately carved murals and thousands of votive candles leading to the crypt. St. Joseph's Oratory receives several million visitors each year (the most devout Catholics climb the basilica's 99 steps on their knees). Recent visitors agree this stunning basilica is a must-see, for both devoted and secular tourists.
Sitting on the eastern edge of the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery in Mont-Royal (accessible from the Blue Line's Station Côte-des-Neiges métro station), St. Joseph's Oratory is open every day, and tours are available when mass is not in session. Entry to the church is free, but donations are appreciated. If you plan on visiting the church, remember to dress appropriately.

Old montreal/ vieux montreal

As the site of the original city of Montreal, Vieux-Montréal (accessible from the Orange Line's Place-d'Armes métro station) is the hub of the city's culture. Not much has changed in this neighborhood despite the city's rapid urbanization. Horse-drawn carriages traverse cobblestone streets and meander past such notable sites as the Basilique Notre-Dame, the Hôtel de Ville (Town Hall), the Vieux-Port (Old Port) and the Marché Bonsecours (Bonsecours Market). Here you'll mingle with Montrealers at sidewalk cafés while overlooking the river, or enjoy the summertime street performers at Place Jacques-Cartier. This is also a popular shopping area (despite the kitschy souvenir shops), and numerous bars and clubs bring Vieux-Montréal to life come sundown.

Friday, 13 July 2012

cultural, and food diversity in himachal, kashmir

                          Food and culture


Art & Culture: India is a land built on foundation of diversity, and Himachal Pradesh is no exception. While the majority of the population is of Aryan stock and are devoteed Hindus, their is ample represention of Buddhism, especially in the north, and Islam. The people of Lahaul Spiti are Mangol stock, and display the facial features associated with the east. Life in the hill state is essentially rural, with only a silver of the population living in urban settlements. Farming and livestock are the main occupations. Asides these common traits, there is plenty to differentiate the people of different regions from each other. Each area has its own style of dressing, its own customs and rituals. And not least, its own Gods.



                                                 



The cultural heritage of Jammu & Kashmir cuts across all the regional, religious and ethnic barriers. The three regions may apparently look different keeping in view the geographical factors, but they have so much in common, acquired through age old association amongst the people of the State that it will be a stupendous task to isolate them culturally and politically.
       Nagas and Pishachas, which form the ancient races of the State, have in course of history spread to the entire State. The traditions and customs of Nagas are pravalent in modified forms in various regions of the State even now.  The famous Hindu shrines and the equally famous Muslim pilgrimage centres are held in highest esteem by the people of every faith. The offerings made and obeisance paid at such places by people of all faiths has baffled and even bothered the conservative elements across the globe. The tradition of other forms of art like the Pahari paintings which have nurtured in Jammu region have its roots in Kashmir. We have a sizeable number of scholars and artists who have contributed and kept alive the trend of appreciation and practice of art cutting across the religious and regional bindings. The soofiana tradition of music of which Santoor is the world famous instrument, is the soul of music of this place.
Buddhism which is still followed in the Ladakh region of the State has its origin in the valley. It was preached and disseminated by the Kashmiri scholars in its earlier days. The Laddakhi script and Sharada lipi which was prevalent in the valley till the recent times, share the same origin in Brahmi. Kashmiri language spoken in the main valley has its dialects and sister languages in Kistwar, Doda and other areas of Jammu region.





saffron plantation in srinagar(j&k)


 Tickle your taste-buds


The beautiful state of Himachal Pradesh offers a wide range of lip smacking and savory food items. The cuisine of Himachal Pradesh has a significant influence of the Punjabi and Tibetan style of food. The people of Himachal Pradesh prefer very spicy food items. However in their daily and regular routine most of the citizens have north Indian dishes that are easy to make and very tasty to eat.





  • Cooked from flour of wheat and savored with ghee or butter, Sidu is an well known cuisine of the state. Sidu is offered to most of the guests who are overwhelmed at the heavenly taste of the indigenous cuisine. 
  • Patande is another important food item of the people of Himachal Pradesh. The Patande is well known dish in the Sirmour district of the state. Made from wheat, Patande is like a pancake and so is popularly known as the Indian Pancake of Himachal Pradesh. 


Himachal Pradesh celebrates the Food festival of Dham, which attracts several tourist from far and wide. The variety of food items reflect the vibrant and dynamic yet simple life of the people of Himachal Pradesh.


HERE ARE SOME KASHMIRI CUISINES 
rogan josh


Dum-aloo: Potatoes, roasted and cooked in a curd-based sauce.

Chaman: Paneer (cottage cheese), fried and cooked in thick gravy.

Rista: Balls made of minced meat, cooked in gravy.

Seekh kababs: Chicken or mutton marinated in spices and grilled on skewers.

Tabak Maz: Fried flat pieces of meat (cut from the ribs).

Roganjosh: Meat cooked with a liberal amount of spices.

Yakhni: Mutton cooked with curd as a base.

Gushtaba: Balls made of finely minced meat, cooked in thick fresh curd gravy. It is the last item to be served in a traditional wazawan.





During the earlier days, Wazwan used to symbolize a feast of the kings. It consisted of some of the most unique, detailed and complex delicacies of meat and a number of other preparations. It used to comprise of thirty-six courses, with approximately 15-30 consisting of meat preparations. The preparation of the meal used to be the responsibility of Vasta Waza or the head chef, with a number wazas (chefs) to assist him.



Folk Dances: Celebrations-marriages, the harvest, festivals, local fairs, social events are all occations for a spontaneous expressions of joy-a time when the cheerful hill people take time off from their labours to sing, dance and enjoy themselves. The lilt of the ballad fills the air and skirts swing to the rhythm.

naati
The Naati of Kullu is a favourite dance where dancer link hands and move in steps to varying rhythms. Earlier danced only by the men attired in full splendour of their traditional costumes-swirling tunics and churidars sashes and decorated caps-the naati was an affair that lasted several hours. Today the women participate too and shorter version of the 13 style of the dance are performed.

Another group dance that is popular in the state is Karthi, a kullu harvest dance performed in the open, in the light of an autumn moon. The Burah, a martial dance from Sirmaur, is performed with the waving  of Dangras or axes to the accompaniment of the hurki. Balads recounting heroic battles and deeds are sung. The exhilarating Birsu   and Ghugti from the upper Shimla hills are performed by the Khunds as they go to the local fairs. A martial people-they hold a sword, a dangra, a khukri or a handkerchief as they dance.

The nomadic Gaddis have a fine musical tradition too. Romantic ballads narrating the story of Kunju and Chanchlo, the Romeo and Juliet of Chamba valley, are sung late into the night as the men and women dance.

Kinnaur is famous for its folk dances-Kayang, where men and women dance in semi circle around the musians and the bonyangchu, a care free dance performed by the men. The bakayang danced by the beautifull Kinnauri women, resplendent in layers of silver jewellery, presents a splendid spectacle
kinnaur folk
.

Fescinating masked dance dramas are also performed in the Jubbal and Rohru valley of Shimla known as sih and bura, they narrate stories and romantic and satiriecal themes that have been handed doen orally from generation to generation.



The mask dance performed by the lamas at the Hemis monastery, Ladakh for example, during the Hemis festival is representative of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition of the victory of good over evil. 

The Hafiza dance form is very popular. This dance form is usually performed at wedding ceremonies. Another very popular Kashmiri dance form that is extremely popular is the Bacha Nagma, which is performed during the harvest season by young boys. 

Ruf and Wuegi-nachun are popular Kashmiri folk dances. The Roul and Dogri are popular folk dances that are performed by Kashmiri women.


HAFIZA